The Monte Carlo method is an interesting example in physics where something was given a very good name. Normally the names that academics select fall into the categories of incomprehensibly dense jargon or being mundanely blunt. The Monte Carlo method however gets quite a creative name linked well into the theory behind it.
The Casino de Monte-Carlo is a nationally owned casino complex in Monaco and much like its patrons who wish to gamble with money, we would also like to use probability to our advantage. Imagine a strange and esoteric 2D shape. It will always be possible, no matter how wiggly to draw a box with known dimensions around this shape. Now if we randomly generate points within the bounding box, then some of the points will fall within the shape and some won’t. As the number of points grows to be massive then the ratio of points within the shape, to that within the box, will logically match the ratio of area of the shape to the area of the box. This is Monte Carlo integration, we can fine the area of a shape that may be be impossible to integrate analytically.
Quantum Monte Carlo methods is applying the exact integrating method above but for finding solutions to the integrals existing within the Schrödinger equation. This paper uses this to simulate the emission of photons.
Paper links: Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo
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